KK 是凯文·凯利的网名，他曾经担任《连线》杂志的第一任主编，是著名的科技评论家，也是畅销书《失控》的作者。去年的 4 月 28 日是他 68 岁生日，他在个人网站上发表了一篇给年轻人的 68 条建议，文章被翻译成了十几种其它语言，今年 4 月 28 日老爷子又续写了一篇给年轻人的 99 条建议，本文是给年轻人的 68 条建议中文翻译版，翻译除了借助 DeepL 机器翻译工具外，更多参考自KK 在 68 岁生日时给出的 68 条建议。 Learn how to learn from those you disagree with, or even offend you. See if you can find the truth in what they believe. 学着从那些你不认可甚至冒犯你的人身上学习，看看能否从他们的信仰中找到真理 Being enthusiastic is worth 25 IQ points. 充满热情可以抵得上 25 点智商 Always demand a deadline. A deadline weeds out the extraneous and the ordinary. It prevents you from trying to make it perfect, so you have to make it different. Different is better. 做任何事都应该设一个 deadline，它可以帮你排除那些无关紧要的事情，也能避免过分要求自己尽善尽美。努力去做到与众不同，差异比完美更好 Don’t be afraid to ask a question that may sound stupid because 99% of the time everyone else is thinking of the same question and is too embarrassed to ask it. 不要害怕自己问的问题看起来很愚蠢，99% 的情况下，其他人和你有一样的问题，只不过他们羞于问而已 Being able to listen well is a superpower. While listening to someone you love keep asking them “Is there more?”, until there is no more. 倾听是一种超能力，当听到你喜欢的人说话时，要不时的追问「还有吗」，直到他们没有更多的东西可讲 A worthy goal for a year is to learn enough about a subject so that you can’t believe how ignorant you were a year earlier. 一个有意义的年度目标是去充分了解一个学科，这样你就会对一年前的无知感到难以置信 Gratitude will unlock all other virtues and is something you can get better at. 感恩可以解锁其它所有的美德，也是你可以继续做的更好的一件事情 Treating a person to a meal never fails, and is so easy to do. It’s powerful with old friends and a great way to make new friends. 请一个人吃饭是非常简单的一件事情，不仅仅是老朋友，这也是结交新朋友的有效方式 Don’t trust all-purpose glue. 不要相信万能药 Reading to your children regularly will bond you together and kickstart their imaginations. 经常给的孩子读书不仅能巩固你们之间的感情，也能帮助孩子开启想象力 Never use a credit card for credit. The only kind of credit, or debt, that is acceptable is debt to acquire something whose exchange value is extremely likely to increase, like in a home. The exchange value of most things diminishes or vanishes the moment you purchase them. Don’t be in debt to losers. 永远不要用信用卡去透支。唯一可以接受的透支或负债，应该是那些通过负债有极大可能获得增值的事物，比如房屋。绝大多数事物在你买下它的那一刻就开始贬值了，别为那些没有未来的事物透支 Pros are just amateurs who know how to gracefully recover from their mistakes. 专业人士不过是善于从挫折中优雅爬起的菜鸟 Extraordinary claims should require extraordinary evidence to be believed. 要想让人相信非同寻常的观点，就需要非同寻常的证据 Don’t be the smartest person in the room. Hangout with, and learn from, people smarter than yourself. Even better, find smart people who will disagree with you. 别成为一群人中最聪明的那一个，和那些比你聪明的人待在一起，向他们学习。如果能找到和你观点相反的聪明人，那就更好了 Rule of 3 in conversation. To get to the real reason, ask a person to go deeper than what they just said. Then again, and once more. The third time’s answer is close to the truth. 对话中的「数字 3 原则」。想要找到一个人真正的意图，那就请他把刚才说的话再深入一些，如此反复直到第三遍，你就能比较接近真相了 Don’t be the best. Be the only. 不做最好的，去做唯一的 Everyone is shy. Other people are waiting for you to introduce yourself to them, they are waiting for you to send them an email, they are waiting for you to ask them on a date. Go ahead. 每个人都很害羞，其他人正等着你向他们介绍你自己，等着你给他们发送邮件，等着你约他们见面。大胆的向前走 Don’t take it personally when someone turns you down. Assume they are like you: busy, occupied, distracted. Try again later. It’s amazing how often a second try works. 别人拒绝你的时候不要往心里去。假设他们和你一样忙碌、腾不出手、心烦意乱，再试一次，第二次成功的几率超乎你的想象 The purpose of a habit is to remove that action from self-negotiation. You no longer expend energy deciding whether to do it. You just do it. Good habits can range from telling the truth, to flossing. 习惯的意义在于无需再为某类行为纠结，不用再消耗精力去觉得是否做这件事。干就完了，讲真话和使用牙线都是很好的习惯 Promptness is a sign of respect. 及时回应是表示尊重的一种方式 When you are young spend at least 6 months to one year living as poor as you can, owning as little as you possibly can, eating beans and rice in a tiny room or tent, to experience what your “worst” lifestyle might be. That way any time you have to risk something in the future you won’t be afraid of the worst case scenario. 当你年轻的时候，应该至少花半年到一年的时间，过尽可能穷的日子，拥有尽可能少的身外之物，居陋室而箪食瓢饮，体验你可能会经历的最穷困潦倒的生活。这样，在未来任何时候，你都不用担心最坏的情况 Trust me: There is no “them”. 相信我，没有「他们」 个人理解，KK 大叔想表达的意思应该是：太阳底下无新事，每个人都是历史的参与者 The more you are interested in others, the more interesting they find you. To be interesting, be interested. 你越有兴趣了解别人，别人就会发现你越有趣，要成为有趣的人，先要对别人感兴趣 Optimize your generosity. No one on their deathbed has ever regretted giving too much away. 常行慷慨之事，没有人会在死的时候后悔给予的太多 To make something good, just do it. To make something great, just re-do it, re-do it, re-do it. The secret to making fine things is in remaking them. 想要做好一件事，干就完了。想要做一件值得称赞的事情，那就重做一遍，重做一遍，再重做一遍。制造好东西的秘诀在于不断的重做 The Golden Rule will never fail you. It is the foundation of all other virtues. 金科玉律永远不会让你失望，它是所有其他美德的基础 If you are looking for something in your house, and you finally find it, when you’re done with it, don’t put it back where you found it. Put it back where you first looked for it. 如果你正在你的房子里寻找什么东西，那么用完后不要放回你找到它的地方，而是放到你最初找它的地方 Saving money and investing money are both good habits. Small amounts of money invested regularly for many decades without deliberation is one path to wealth. 存钱和投资是好习惯。几十年如一日的定期进行小额投资（定投），是一条致富之路 To make mistakes is human. To own your mistakes is divine. Nothing elevates a person higher than quickly admitting and taking personal responsibility for the mistakes you make and then fixing them fairly. If you mess up, fess up. It’s astounding how powerful this ownership is. 犯错是人之常情，承认错误是神圣的。认错并勇于担责，再认真弥补过错，没有什么比这更可贵了。是自己搞砸的就勇于承担，这反而能彰显你的强大 Never get involved in a land war in Asia. 永远不要在亚洲陷入地面战争 KK 大叔这句话没读懂 You can obsess about serving your customers/audience/clients, or you can obsess about beating the competition. Both work, but of the two, obsessing about your customers will take you further. 你可以专注于你的顾客、听众或客户，也可以沉迷于在竞争中获胜，这两种方法都行之有效，但是专注于服务你的客户会让你走的更远 Show up. Keep showing up. Somebody successful said: 99% of success is just showing up. 在场，坚持在场，某个成功人士说过：99% 的成功只不过是因为在场 Separate the processes of creation from improving. You can’t write and edit, or sculpt and polish, or make and analyze at the same time. If you do, the editor stops the creator. While you invent, don’t select. While you sketch, don’t inspect. While you write the first draft, don’t reflect. At the start, the creator mind must be unleashed from judgement. 将创造过程与改进过程分开，你不可能在写做的同时进行编辑，也不可能在凿刻的同时进行打磨，更不可能在制造的同时进行分析。如果你这么做，求善之心就会打断创造之意；创新时就要忘掉已有方案；勾勒草图时就不能太着眼于细处；写作时，先打草稿而不要去抠细节。在新事物之初，创意的思想必须得到无拘无束的释放 If you are not falling down occasionally, you are just coasting. 如果你从未跌倒过，那么你也就从未努力过 Perhaps the most counter-intuitive truth of the universe is that the more you give to others, the more you’ll get. Understanding this is the beginning of wisdom. 也许宇宙中最违反直觉的真理就是，你给予他人越多，你收获的就越多，这是智慧的起点 Friends are better than money. Almost anything money can do, friends can do better. In so many ways a friend with a boat is better than owning a boat. 朋友胜过金钱。金钱几乎可以做任何事情，但朋友可以做得更好。很多时候，自己有条船不如有个有船的朋友 This is true: It’s hard to cheat an honest man. 相信我，你很难欺骗一个诚实的人 When an object is lost, 95% of the time it is hiding within arm’s reach of where it was last seen. Search in all possible locations in that radius and you’ll find it. 当一件物品丢失时，95% 的情况下，它都藏在人们最后一次看到它时触手可及的地方。在这个半径范围内搜索所有可能的地点，你就能找到它 You are what you do. Not what you say, not what you believe, not how you vote, but what you spend your time on. 你做什么就是什么。不是你说什么，不是你相信什么，更不是你支持什么，而是你把时间花在了什么上 If you lose or forget to bring a cable, adapter or charger, check with your hotel. Most hotels now have a drawer full of cables, adapters and chargers others have left behind, and probably have the one you are missing. You can often claim it after borrowing it. 如果你遗失或忘记带电缆、适配器或充电器，不妨去问问你的酒店。大多数酒店都会有满满一抽屉的电源线、适配器和充电器，这些东西都是别人留下的，没准儿其中就有你的，酒店也并不介意你借用后随身带走 Hatred is a curse that does not affect the hated. It only poisons the hater. Release a grudge as if it was a poison. 仇恨是一种诅咒，但它不会影响被仇恨的人。它只会毒害仇恨者，把你的怨恨当作毒药一样丢掉吧 There is no limit on better. Talent is distributed unfairly, but there is no limit on how much we can improve what we start with. 没有最好，只有更好。个人的天分有高有低，但不论高低，自身的提升都永无止境 Be prepared: When you are 90% done any large project (a house, a film, an event, an app) the rest of the myriad details will take a second 90% to complete. 任何一项大工程（修房子、拍电影、开发 app）完成度为 90% 的时候，你都要做好心理准备：剩余的大量细节工作同样需要 90% 的时间来完成 When you die you take absolutely nothing with you except your reputation. 当你死的时候，除了你的名誉，你什么都无法带走 Before you are old, attend as many funerals as you can bear, and listen. Nobody talks about the departed’s achievements. The only thing people will remember is what kind of person you were while you were achieving. 在你年老之前，尽可能多地参加葬礼并听听别人的谈话，没有人会谈论逝者的成就，人们能记住的只有逝者在成功时是什么样的人 For every dollar you spend purchasing something substantial, expect to pay a dollar in repairs, maintenance, or disposal by the end of its life. 你每花一美元在实体店购买一件东西，将来都要再花一元钱去维修、保养，或是在它报废后处理掉它 Anything real begins with the fiction of what could be. Imagination is therefore the most potent force in the universe, and a skill you can get better at. It’s the one skill in life that benefits from ignoring what everyone else knows. 任何真实的东西都来源于虚构的想法，想象是宇宙中最强大的力量，也是你可以做的更好的一种能力，生命中可以因不知众人所知而获利 When crisis and disaster strike, don’t waste them. No problems, no progress. 当危机和灾难来临时，不要错过他们，没有问题就没有进步 On vacation go to the most remote place on your itinerary first, bypassing the cities. You’ll maximize the shock of otherness in the remote, and then later you’ll welcome the familiar comforts of a city on the way back. 度假时，先绕过城市去行程中最偏远的地方。这样你就能最大程度地体验到异域风情带给你的冲击，而在返程的路上，又可以享受熟悉的城市所带给你的舒适 When you get an invitation to do something in the future, ask yourself: would you accept this if it was scheduled for tomorrow? Not too many promises will pass that immediacy filter. 当你被邀请在未来的某个时间点做某件事情时，问问自己：如果是明天，你会接受邀请吗？绝大多数邀约都经不住这种迫切性检验 Don’t say anything about someone in email you would not be comfortable saying to them directly, because eventually they will read it. 如果一些话你不能当面对某人说出口，那么就不要在邮件中对他评头论足，因为他们最终会看到邮件 If you desperately need a job, you are just another problem for a boss; if you can solve many of the problems the boss has right now, you are hired. To be hired, think like your boss. 如果你只是迫切需要一份工作，那你只是老板的另一个问题；如果你能解决许多老板眼下的问题，那你自然能得到这份工作。要想得到一份工作，就要像老板一样去思考 Art is in what you leave out. 艺术藏身于你遗忘的地方 Acquiring things will rarely bring you deep satisfaction. But acquiring experiences will. 获得物品很少能给你带来深刻的满足感，但是经验却能做到 Rule of 7 in research. You can find out anything if you are willing to go seven levels. If the first source you ask doesn’t know, ask them who you should ask next, and so on down the line. If you are willing to go to the 7th source, you’ll almost always get your answer. 研究的「数字 7 原则」。当你愿意就一个问题深入七层时，总能找到你想要的答案。如果你问的第一层人不知道，那么就问问他们应该去找谁，如此追索下去，你几乎总能得到你的答案 How to apologize: Quickly, specifically, sincerely. 如何道歉：迅速、具体、真诚 Don’t ever respond to a solicitation or a proposal on the phone. The urgency is a disguise. 永远不要在电话上面答应一个请求或提议，所谓的急迫不过是一种假象 When someone is nasty, rude, hateful, or mean with you, pretend they have a disease. That makes it easier to have empathy toward them which can soften the conflict. 当有人对你粗鄙、无礼、刻薄，甚至是下流时，当他们有病就好了，这使得我们更容易对他们产生同情心，进而缓和冲突 Eliminating clutter makes room for your true treasures. 清理杂物，为真正重要的东西腾出空间 You really don’t want to be famous. Read the biography of any famous person. 你绝对不会想出名，不信的话可以随便找本名人传记读读 Experience is overrated. When hiring, hire for aptitude, train for skills. Most really amazing or great things are done by people doing them for the first time. 经验往往被高估了，招聘时应该多看资质，技能是可以培训的。许多令人惊奇和赞叹的事情，都是新手做出来的 A vacation + a disaster = an adventure. 度假 + 灾难 = 冒险 Buying tools: Start by buying the absolute cheapest tools you can find. Upgrade the ones you use a lot. If you wind up using some tool for a job, buy the very best you can afford. 购买工具：从最便宜的开始，升级那些使用频次高的。如果你的工具是用于工作，那么买你能买得起的最好的 Learn how to take a 20-minute power nap without embarrassment. 学会毫不尴尬的打 20 分钟小盹儿 Following your bliss is a recipe for paralysis if you don’t know what you are passionate about. A better motto for most youth is “master something, anything”. Through mastery of one thing, you can drift towards extensions of that mastery that bring you more joy, and eventually discover where your bliss is. 如果你不知道自己热爱什么，追寻心之所向往往会带你误入歧途，对年轻人来说，更好的格言是：master something, anything，在精通一件事的过程中，你可以顺着带给你更多快乐的方向继续深入，并最终发现你热爱的东西 I’m positive that in 100 years much of what I take to be true today will be proved to be wrong, maybe even embarrassingly wrong, and I try really hard to identify what it is that I am wrong about today. 我敢肯定，我今天认为正确的许多东西在 100 年后将被证明是错误的，甚至可能是令人尴尬的错误。而我非常努力在做的事情，就是去识别我对今天的错误认知 Over the long term, the future is decided by optimists. To be an optimist you don’t have to ignore all the many problems we create; you just have to imagine improving our capacity to solve problems. 从长远来说，未来由乐观主义者决定。作为一个乐观主义者并非要对我们制造的问题视而不见，而是要想象如何提升我们解决问题的能力 The universe is conspiring behind your back to make you a success. This will be much easier to do if you embrace this pronoia. 整个宇宙在背后密谋让你成功，要相信，天助人愿

若没有在段落文字后面做特别标注，那该段落即摘录自The Almanack of Naval Ravikant: A Guide to Wealth and Happiness There’s no shortcut to smart. 聪明没有捷径可走 The fundamental delusion: There is something out there that will make me happy and fulfilled forever. 最基本的错觉: 有些东西会让我永远快乐和满足 Hard work is really overrated. How hard you work matters a lot less in the modern economy. What is underrated? Judgment. Judgment is underrated. 在现代经济中，努力工作的重要性大大降低了。什么被低估了？判断，判断被低估了 Spend more time making the big decisions. There are basically three really big decisions you make in your early life: where you live, who you’re with, and what you do. 花更多的时间做重大决定。在你的早期生活中，基本上有三个真正重大的决定: 你住在哪里，你和谁在一起，你做什么 Stay out of things that could cause you to lose all of your capital, all of your savings. Don’t gamble everything on one go. Instead, take rationally optimistic bets with big upsides. 远离那些可能导致你失去所有资本、所有储蓄的事情。不要一次性赌光所有的东西。取而代之的是，理性乐观地下注，并从中获得巨大的好处 Don’t partner with cynics and pessimists. Their beliefs are self-fulfilling. 不要和愤世嫉俗者和悲观主义者合作，他们的信仰是自我实现的 You’re not going to get rich renting out your time. You must own equity—a piece of a business—to gain your financial freedom. 出租你的时间是不会致富的。你必须拥有股权，一项业务，才能获得财务自由 Follow your intellectual curiosity more than whatever is “hot” right now. If your curiosity ever leads you to a place where society eventually wants to go, you’ll get paid extremely well. 比起现在所谓的「热门」 ，应该更多地追随你的求知欲。如果你的好奇心曾经引导你到一个社会最终想要去的地方，那么你会得到非常好的报酬 The less you want something, the less you’re thinking about it, the less you’re obsessing over it, the more you’re going to do it in a natural way. 你想要的东西越少，你对它的思考就越少，你对它的困扰就越少，你就会越自然地去做它 Learn to sell. Learn to build. If you can do both, you will be unstoppable. 学会销售，学会建设，如果你能同时做到这两点，你将不可阻挡 If you secretly despise wealth, it will elude you. 如果你私下里鄙视财富，它就会躲避你 Arm yourself with specific knowledge, accountability, and leverage. Specific knowledge is found by pursuing your genuine curiosity and passion rather than whatever is hot right now. Specific knowledge is knowledge you cannot be trained for. 用具体的知识、责任感和影响力武装自己。具体的知识是通过追求你真正的好奇心和激情而不是任何现在热门的东西找到的。具体的知识是你不能被训练的知识 If they can train you to do it, then eventually they will train a computer to do it. 如果他们能训练你做一件事，那么最终他们会训练一台电脑来做这件事 Apply specific knowledge, with leverage, and eventually you will get what you deserve. 运用特定的知识，利用杠杆作用，最终你会得到你应得的东西 You should be too busy to “do coffee” while still keeping an uncluttered calendar. 你应该忙得没时间“喝咖啡” ，同时保持日程表整洁 There are no get-rich-quick schemes. Those are just someone else getting rich off you. 没有快速致富的计划，那些只是别人从你身上赚钱而已 Code and media are permissionless leverage. 代码和媒体是未经许可的杠杆 People who live far below their means enjoy a freedom that people busy upgrading their lifestyles can’t fathom. 那些生活水平远远低于自己收入的人们享受着一种自由，这是忙于提升自己的生活方式的人们所无法企及的 By the time people realize they have enough money, they’ve lost their time and their health. 当人们意识到他们有足够的钱时，他们已经失去了时间和健康 To have peace of mind, you have to have peace of body first. 为了拥有内心的平静，你必须首先拥有身体的平静 The more secrets you have, the less happy you’re going to be. 你的秘密越多，你就越不快乐 No exceptions—all screen activities linked to less happiness, all non-screen activities linked to more happiness. 毫无例外，所有的屏幕活动都与较少的快乐有关，所有的非屏幕活动都与较多的快乐有关 Inspiration is perishable—act on it immediately. 灵感是易逝的，所以立即付诸行动 To make an original contribution, you have to be irrationally obsessed with something 为了做出原创性的贡献，你必须非理性地沉迷于某些东西 If there’s something you want to do later, do it now. There is no “later.” 如果你以后有什么想做的事情，现在就应该去做，没有「以后」 Courage isn’t charging into a machine gun nest. Courage is not caring what other people think. 勇气不是冲进机关枪的巢穴，而是不在乎别人的看法 Happiness is a choice you make and a skill you develop. 幸福是你的选择，是你发展的一项技能 Your brain is overvaluing the side with the short-term happiness and trying to avoid the one with short-term pain. 你的大脑高估了短期的幸福，却试图避免短期的痛苦 Envy is the enemy of happines. 嫉妒是幸福的敌人 Honesty is a core, core, core value. 诚信是一个非常，非常，非常核心的价值观 where you build a unique character, a unique brand, a unique mindset, which causes luck to find you. 你要建立一个独特的个性，一个独特的品牌，一个独特的心态，这会让好运气找到你 Figure out what you’re good at, and start helping other people with it. 找出你擅长的东西，然后去帮助他人 If you are a trusted, reliable, high-integrity, long-term-thinking dealmaker, when other people want to do deals but don’t know how to do them in a trustworthy manner with strangers, they will literally approach you and give you a cut of the deal just because of the integrity and reputation you’ve built up. 如果你是一个值得信赖的、可靠的、正直的、有长远眼光的交易者，当其他人想做交易，但不知道如何以值得信赖的方式与陌生人做交易时，他们会真正地接近你，并和你进行交易，仅仅因为你已经建立起的诚信和声誉 All benefits in life come from compound interest, whether in money, relationships, love, health, activities, or habits. 生活中所有的好处都来自于复利，无论是在金钱、人际关系、爱情、健康、活动还是习惯上 Productize yourself 将自己产品化 It’s only after you’re bored you have the great ideas. It’s never going to be when you’re stressed, or busy, running around or rushed. 只有当你感到无聊的时候，你才会有好的想法。当你感到压力，或者忙碌，到处跑或者匆忙的时候，这些都不会发生 Play stupid games, win stupid prizes. 玩愚蠢的游戏，赢得愚蠢的奖品 Clear accountability is important. Without accountability, you don’t have incentives. Without accountability, you can’t build credibility. But you take risks. You risk failure. You risk humiliation. 明确的问责制很重要。没有责任感，你就没有动力。没有责任感，你就无法建立可信度。但是你要冒险，要冒着失败的风险，冒着被羞辱的风险 The best jobs are neither decreed nor degreed. They are creative expressions of continuous learners in free markets. 最好的工作既没有规定也没有程度，它们是自由市场中不断学习者的创造性表现 Reading is faster than listening. Doing is faster than watching. 读比听快，做比看快 Explain what you learned to someone else. Teaching forces learning. 向别人解释你学到了什么。教学是学习的动力 Read what you love until you love to read. 读你喜欢的东西，直到你喜欢阅读 Better is the enemy of done. 完成比完美更重要 Angela Zhu 摘抄 If you did not make yourself well understood, it is your problem. 如果别人没有听懂你在说什么，一定是你的问题 Angela Zhu 摘抄 Inspire your people do things, not tell your people do things. 不断激烈启发你的组员做事，而不是告诉他们做什么 Angela Zhu 摘抄 It does not matter what was your motivation, it only matters how this make your direct reports feel. 你的出发点不重要，重要的是你让别人感觉你想干什么 Angela Zhu 摘抄 尽可能帮助和服务别人，建立信任，赢得资本 Angela Zhu To learn something, you should do not reread, summarize and teach it out loud. 要想学点东西，你不应该重读、总结和大声教出来 http://www.toolkiit.com/ 在人生最好的年纪，应该少一点算计，多一点洒脱。遇到喜欢的人就去相处，去恋爱，不要辜负自己的时光，然后人生就会给出你更多的可能性 Fenng 你心里应该有爱，应该有为了爱去放弃一些东西的勇气。如果你做不到这样，那我觉得你很可悲。或者，会成为一个精致的利己主义者，体会不到人生的幸福，和真正的生活的勇气 Fenng 电话、视频会议，线下会议、面对面交流的时候，这是同步事件，需要一定程度上近乎实时反馈。而短信、微信消息、语音消息、留言、邮件，这些都是异步事件，用固定的节奏批量处理就是了 Fenng When you are old and gray, and look back on your life, you will want to be proud of what you have done. The source of that pride won’t be the things you have acquired or the recognition you have received. It will be the lives you have touched and the difference you have made. 当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。物质生活和满足的占有欲，都不会产生自豪。只有那些受你影响、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪感 Steven Chu 2009 年哈佛大学毕业演讲 In your collaborations, always remember that “credit” is not a conserved quantity. In a successful collaboration, everybody gets 90 percent of the credit. 合作中，不要把功劳都归在自己身上，在一场成功的合作中，每个人都应该获得 90% 的荣誉 Steven Chu 2009 年哈佛大学毕业演讲

作者：Anna 4erepawko Mészáros，UI/UX 设计师。 关注作者： Medium、Twitter 这篇文章是写给无力邀请专业设计师的所有内容创作者的，以及设计师异常忙碌的团队的非设计师们。如果您按照这些简单的步骤进行操作，我保证您的设计会变得更好。 这些 Tips 来源于我对身边非设计朋友的多年观察，家人与同事在日常生活中也需要设计他们的东西。比如简历、作品集，Facebook 和 Instagram 上帖子要使用的图片，YouTube 视频的缩略图等。 所有这些人都向我寻求帮助与建议，希望能让他们的东西看起来更好。我坚信「授人以鱼不如授人以渔」，所以我试图提供更有价值的建议，以便他们在未来也能解决类似的问题。 随着时间的推移，我意识到我一直在给所有人提供相同的建议，虽然每次所使用的措辞不同，但我所有的建议都可以提炼为以下四个原则。 这些 Tips 会帮您创造出美丽动人的设计吗？答案是不会！它们只会帮您创造出色、清晰且易于理解的设计。是每个人都可以轻松理解和互动吗？那当然，所以不多说废话，下面我就向您逐一展示。 对比 确保所有元素之间有足够的对比度。为什么？因为那些略有差异但是又不够不同东西，创造了一种恐怖谷。人类的眼睛会排斥它们，对它们感到厌恶、难以理解。我们不希望它们出现在我们的设计中，难道不是吗？ 恐怖谷理论，是一个关于人类对机器人和非人类物体的感觉的假设。如果一个非人类实体不够拟人，那么它身上的人类特征会很容易辨认；而当它足够拟人时，他身上的非人类特征则会变得很容易辨认。因此会在人类观察者眼中产生一种古怪的感觉，想想您看到病患者或者尸体时的感觉。 因此您设计的元素要么完全相同，要么具有显著差异。 您可以从下面四个方面来突出对比： 1、颜色：浅色上使用暗色，反之亦然 示例： 切勿在浅蓝色上使用浅灰色或浅粉红色等灰色组合，它们会造成阅读/互动上的极大困难。 2、大小：相邻元素要么大小完全相同，要么大小区别很大 示例： 不要将 32pt 和 36pt 的文本放在一起；18pt 和 36pt 放在一起会显得更加协调。 3、粗细：与大小一样，相邻元素的粗细要么完全相同，要么有明显的区别 示例： 不要将相同字体的粗体与黑体放在一起，因为它们看起来太相似了；将黑体与细体放在一起会显得很协调。 4、风格：不要将一个斜体类型放在另一个斜体类型旁边，或者在一个衬线字体旁边放置另一个衬线字体。应该组合不同的东西。 示例： 不要将 Times New Roman 与 Georgia 放在一起，它们看起来太相似了，应该组合完全不同的风格。 一致性 确保相似的元素以相似的方式出现。为什么呢？首先，通过确保确保事物一致性，您可以让用户将注意力集中在设计的重要方面，而不是被随时变化的元素分散注意力。 其次，一致性也增加了用户对您的信任，使事物看起来实际上是设计的，而不是简单快速拼凑出来的。 一旦你选择了具体的风格，就要毫不犹豫的坚持下去，这里所说的风格包括字体、颜色、阴影、栅格、对齐、装饰风格等等。 当您处理许多相邻的不同部分时（比如 YouTube 的视频缩略图或是中型文章的封面），您应该为所有部分选择一种整体风格，并坚持使用。 奥卡姆剃刀 减少视觉噪音 在您的设计中，使用的元素越少越好。为什么呢？因为人类的大脑很难在输入过载的情况下处理信息并作出决策。您应该使用尽可能少的装饰元素（字体、颜色、阴影、图标等等）。 将奥卡姆剃刀应用于所有内容。如果只需要两个元素就能满足需求，那么就不要使用 3 个元素；如果 10 个元素实现所需的功能，那么就不要用 20 个元素。 如果您不喜欢古老的英国哲学家风格，更喜欢您在 Netflix（一家美国流媒体提供商）上看到的东西。请将怦然心动的人生整理魔法应用到您的设计中。 《怦然心动的人生整理魔法》是美国流媒体提供商Netflix于2019年1月1日首播的一档真人实境秀节目。节目由日本“整理咨询顾问” 近藤麻理惠主创。她在每集节目中拜访一个家庭，帮助他们整理自己的房间。 近藤麻理惠认为整理房间时应当将物品分为五类：衣物、书籍、纸张文件、杂物和情感纪念品；在整理时拿起每件物品，如果能使自己“怦然心动”则留下，如果不能则要感谢物品的贡献然后与其告别。 间距 元素的位置会发送关于其含义的元级别消息。为什么这很重要？因为了解如何放置元素以及在它们周围预留了多少空间有助于降低设计的复杂性，因此会使人更加愉悦，并且更容易交互。 在您的设计中使用间距来传达下面 3 个方面的信息： 1、接近度 = 相关性 与其它元素相比，彼此更接近的事物被认为它们有更强的相关性。这是最重要的，因为我觉得它常常容易被忽视。 它可以以很多不同的方式应用，比如行与行之间应该有一定的间距，而不是一行中每个单词之间的间距那么小；同样不同段落之间的空间也比段落内的行空间要大。 元素之间的间距应该小于元素与组合边缘之间的间距。 标签和支撑信息应该位于其相关元素附近。 2、留白 结合奥卡姆剃刀，给您的设计尽可能留白，去整理它们，使它们的意义更加明显。 如果把太多元素放在有限的空间里，就像同时听三首不同的哥，很难理解别人在说什么。 3、重要性与顺序 这是一个很普通的常识，但是我还是要在这里提到它。 最重要的事情放在第一位，使它们占据最大的空间，用一系列的事物来传达秩序。 结束语 恭喜您！如果您按照这些 Tips 进行设计，那么按照行业标准，它可能看起来非常好。 For everything else, there is always a designer.